Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Specialty Review Course for Recertification, Workbook Chapters + RECERT EXAM Package (Cert # L249085)

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education with Commendation.

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as providers of continuing pharmacy education.

These recertification activities are intended for board certified pharmacists seeking to update their knowledge and skills in ambulatory care pharmacy.

After participating in this CPE activity, learners should be able to: 

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-015-H04-P

Communication Strategies in Pharmacy

• Use strategies that develop patient rapport, foster trust, and effectively and efficiently obtain accurate, comprehensive histories, despite potential barriers in communication.
• Use assessments of patients’ knowledge, health literacy, self-management skills, health beliefs, and attitudes toward medications to tailor educational interventions that will improve medication therapy adherence and self-efficacy.
• Communicate medication-related information and pharmacist-directed patient care interventions effectively to other health care professionals both verbally and in writing through the medical record.
• Discuss factors and methods used to assess and select age- and grade-level appropriate written educational materials intended for a variety of patient types. 

Trial Design and Biostatistics

• Describe hypothesis testing and state the meaning of and distinguish between p values, confidence intervals, and measures of central tendency and data spread.
• Define, compare, and contrast the concepts of internal and external validity, causation, association, bias, and confounding in trial design. Select strategies to eliminate or control for bias and improve internal and external validity.
• Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of various study designs (e.g., prospective, retrospective, case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic review, meta-analysis).
• Determine why a statistical test is appropriate or not appropriate, given the sample distribution, data type, and study design. Interpret statistical and clinical significance for results from commonly used statistical tests.
• Define and evaluate odds ratio, risk/incidence rate, relative risk, number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and other risk estimates. 

Practices and Processes of Care

• Identify a pharmacist’s role and resources for achieving quality measures and improving the process of transitions of care.
• Describe different types of patient care services within ambulatory care pharmacy practice, including any applicable scope or limitations of practice.
• Apply tools and resources to detect, classify, report, analyze, and reduce preventable and non-preventable adverse drug events.
• Use formulary management activities and other resources to improve the prescribing of and access to safe, effective, and affordable treatments.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-016-H01-P

Diabetes Mellitus

• Identify differences between prediabetes, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and gestational diabetes (GD), including differences in diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation.
• Describe the pathophysiology of T1D and T2D.
• Compare agents used in the treatment of diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, adverse effects, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages.
• Select appropriate insulin regimens for patients on the basis of desired onset, peak, and duration of insulin effects.
• Individualize a comprehensive glycemic treatment and monitoring plan for a patient with prediabetes, T1D, T2D, and GD.
• Discuss appropriate blood pressure and lipid management for patients with Diabetes.
• Discuss the acute and chronic complications associated with Diabetes and strategies to prevent them or slow their progression. 

Obstetrics and Gynecology

• Recommend therapy for contraception, infertility, menstrual disorders, and endometriosis on the basis of patient-specific information.
• Recommend appropriate treatment for common acute and chronic conditions in pregnancy and lactation.
• Recommend therapy for menopausal symptoms on the basis of patient-specific information.
• Develop provider and patient education regarding medication use during pregnancy and lactation, contraception, infertility, menstrual disorders, endometriosis, and postmenopausal therapy. 

Dermatologic and Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat, and Immunologic Disorders

• Formulate an ophthalmologic drug therapy regimen for a patient presenting with macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, or glaucoma.
• Construct an individualized pharmacy care plan for a patient with allergic rhinitis.
• Initiate, change, and modify topical and oral therapeutic regimens for acne using a treatment algorithm.
• Recommend topical and systemic agents for treating plaque psoriasis given a patient’s disease presentation, severity, and prior therapies.
• Effectively educate a patient presenting with a skin infestation or minor burn on the purpose, proper use, and potential adverse reactions of treatment.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-017-H01-P

Bone/Joint and Rheumatology

• Systematically identify patients to screen for osteoporosis, and use the screening results to guide the decision on how to treat the patient.
• Use a STEPS-wise approach (safety, tolerability, efficacy, preference [pearls], simplicity) for comparing, recommending, and justifying a drug therapy regimen for osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), osteoarthritis (OA), fibromyalgia, gout, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Choose a drug therapy for OA or fibromyalgia on the basis of drug efficacy and a patient’s comorbid conditions.
• Select screenings or laboratory tests at correct intervals for patients with RA, PsA, or SLE treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) or biologic DMARD (bDMARD) therapies.
• Formulate a care plan to help patients decrease their uric acid concentrations, gout symptoms, and gouty attacks using nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. 

Developing and Managing a Clinical Practice

• Discuss steps to identify the need for and implement pharmacist-provided patient care services in the ambulatory care setting.
• Describe considerations for developing a robust and sustainable quality assessment program.
• Summarize considerations for ongoing management of an ambulatory care service.
• Identify revenue-generating opportunities for pharmacist-provided patient care services in different ambulatory care settings. 

Endocrine Disorders

• Identify appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy dosing strategies for patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
• Recommend appropriate patient-specific pharmacotherapy for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Medically manage a patient with hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and growth hormone deficiency.
• Differentiate between available weight-loss medications and design a patient-specific treatment plan.
• Recognize the clinical presentation, and design a treatment plan for, a patient with adrenal gland disorders and Cushing disease.
• Compare available testosterone (T) replacement products and list appropriate monitoring guidelines for hypogonadism.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-018-H01-P

Genitourinary, Electrolytes, and Nutritional Deficiencies/Supplementation in Older Adults

• Identify and assess common genitourinary diseases, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies in ambulatory older adults.
• Evaluate and manage drug-induced causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction (ED), electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies in ambulatory older adults.
• Compare and contrast pharmacologic interventions for BPH, urinary incontinence, ED, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies.
• Formulate treatment strategies for BPH, urinary incontinence, ED, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies using patient-specific information. 

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders within the objectives refer to the disorders covered in this chapter and include the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, chronic liver disease manifestations, viral hepatitis, malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, constipation, nausea and vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease.

• Apply national guideline–based treatment strategies for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.
• Assess the benefits and risks of drug therapy for patients with GI disorders.
• Recommend appropriate nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for managing GI disorders.
• Develop and implement a patient-specific comprehensive therapeutic plan for managing GI disorders.
• Provide drug-related patient education and counseling for pharmacologic therapies used in managing GI disorders. 

Pulmonary Disorders

• Compare and contrast common features of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Select appropriate evidence-based treatment for patients with asthma, COPD, and/or nicotine dependence based on specific patient factors and comorbidities.
• Develop a comprehensive education plan with monitoring parameters for patients on therapy for asthma, COPD, and/or smoking cessation.
• Compare and contrast the different respiratory inhaler devices and holding chambers.
• Integrate smoking cessation and behavioral counseling as a best practice when assisting a patient who is trying to quit smoking.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-019-H01-P

Psychiatric Disorders

• Analyze the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision  (DSM-5-TR) criteria and disease course for anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders.
• Apply a working knowledge of common drug and nondrug therapies for psychiatric disorders, including drug, dose, frequency, adverse effects, drug interactions, and monitoring values.
• Recommend appropriate treatments, including both lifestyle modification and specific drug therapy (medication dose, schedule, and delivery system), on the basis of relevant patient factors (pharmacodynamic, physiologic, pharmacokinetic, and socioeconomic parameters).
• Monitor for adverse drug effects, drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, and appropriateness of therapy, including polytherapy. 

Neurology

• Given a patient case, select an appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen for a patient with epilepsy on the basis of seizure type and AED mechanism of action, common adverse effects, and drug interactions.
• Recommend an appropriate pharmacologic therapy for a patient with episodic or chronic migraine headache.
• Recommend and manage appropriate disease-modifying therapy for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) on the basis of MS subtype and other patient-specific factors.
• Recommend an appropriate pharmacologic therapy for a patient with Parkinson disease, neuropathic pain, or Alzheimer disease. 

Cardiology I

• Evaluate the appropriate use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events according to practice guidelines and clinical trial evidence.
• Design an evidence-based treatment and monitoring strategy for patients with hypertension that considers goals of therapy, comorbid conditions, and compelling indications.
• Create an evidence-based treatment and monitoring plan for patients receiving lipid-lowering therapies for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypertriglyceridemia.
• Devise an evidence-based treatment plan for secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-020-H01-P

Cardiology II

• Formulate appropriate oral anticoagulant treatment strategies for patients who develop venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism), nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, or who have mechanical heart valves consistent with available consensus panel guidelines, recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals, and randomized clinical trials.
• Describe key differences in onset of action, dosing, administration, absorption, effects on common coagulation tests, and drug interactions between dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and warfarin.
• Develop patient-specific, guideline-driven treatment, monitoring, and follow-up plans for patients with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia.
• Identify treatment goals, common adverse effects, clinically important drug interactions, monitoring, and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) requirements for oral pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. 

Infectious Diseases I

• Identify the clinical presentations of sexually transmitted infections, and design appropriate treatment regimens.
• Describe the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and major drug interactions associated with antiretroviral agents.
• Formulate treatment strategies for the management of HIV and commonly encountered opportunistic infections.
• Design appropriate strategies for treatment and prevention of influenza and other viral infections.
• Explain the risk factors for superficial and endemic fungal infections, and design corresponding treatment regimens. 

Infectious Diseases II

• Design appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment regimens for patients with urinary tract infections, prostatitis, community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute otitis media, skin and soft tissue infections, latent tuberculosis infection, conjunctivitis, Lyme disease, antibiotic prophylaxis, infectious diarrhea, and Clostridioides difficile infections.
• Identify risk factors and clinical circumstances for antimicrobial resistance.
• Design an antimicrobial therapeutic regimen to treat resistant infections and prevent their future development.
• Apply evidence-based medicine and patient-specific factors to design antimicrobial regimens that are appropriate and cost-effective for the patient.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-24-021-H01-P

Nephrology

• Identify a patient at risk of developing, or presenting with, acute kidney injury, drug-induced kidney disease, or chronic kidney disease (CKD), and formulate an appropriate care plan to mitigate risk and slow progression.
• Using appropriate data, assess kidney function, dialysis regimen information, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic drug properties in a patient to inform clinical decision-making.
• Formulate an evidence-based treatment plan for managing the most common medical problems in patients with CKD, including anemia, CKD-related mineral and bone disorder, and hyperkalemia.
• Describe Medicare Part B and D policies related to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis care (i.e., ESRD Prospective Payment System, Quality Incentive Program, Conditions for Coverage, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Comprehensive ESRD Care Model) and their respective effects on medication use.

The Core Therapeutic Modules Review Package consists of 10 activities in which faculty review clinical topics and practice skills using a case-based approach. The activities are designed to assist the learner in identifying knowledge gaps in preparation for a pharmacy specialty board examination. In addition to a recorded presentation, each activity includes links to resources for further self-study and a practice test developed in the same format and rigor as the specialty exam.

After participating in these CPE activities, learners should be able to:

Select Topics in Acid-Base Disorders
ACPE #: 0204-0000-21-610-H01-P

For the following specific acid/base disorders - respiratory, metabolic acid base disorders including anion gap/non-anion gap acidosis, renal tubular acidosis, as well as delta gap equation:

•  Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests.
• Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines

Select Topics in Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Patients
ACPE #: 0204-0000-22-643-H01-P

For the following specific infectious disease topics: urinary tract infections, meningitis, catheter related infections, bacteremia, and infective endocarditis:

• Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests.
• Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.

Select Neurology Topics in Critical Care Patients
ACPE #: 0204-0000-20-990-H01-P

• For the following specific critical care topics: status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage:
  • Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests.
  • Evaluate benefits and risks of drug therapy considering other medication, and other patient-specific factors.
  • Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.

Alterations in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Critical Care
ACPE #: 0204-0000-21-611-H01-P

• Identify pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) changes that occur in critical illness, and the impact on commonly administered medications in this setting.
• Apply knowledge of general PK/PD changes in critical illness to the following patient-specific factors that further complicate drug dosing:
  • Burns
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

• Develop a therapeutic strategy to optimize PK/PK for commonly used medications in the intensive care unit. "

Select Topics in Prevention and Supportive Care in Critical Care Patients
ACPE #: 0204-0000-20-991-H01-P

For the following specific critical care topics─stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP), venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, bowel regimens, and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention:

• Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests.
• Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.

Select Topics in Toxicology
ACPE #: 0204-0000-21-612-H01-P

For the following specific toxicology topics: acetaminophen, toxic alcohols, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, opioids, and ecstasy:

• Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests
• Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.

Select Topics in Pulmonary Disorders
ACPE #: 0204-0000-22-644-H01-P

For the following specific pulmonary disease topics: asthma exacerbation, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary arterial hypertension:

• Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests.
• Recommend the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plans based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Advanced Cardiac Life Support
ACPE #: 0204-0000-20-992-H01-P

• Interpret signs, symptoms and diagnostic tests for cardiac arrhythmias.
• Identify drug-related problems, including drug interactions and adverse effects, associated with pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias.
• Identify strategies to prevent drug-induced arrhythmias.
• Recommend therapy and monitoring for cardiac arrhythmias based on patient-specific information, current guidelines and Advanced Cardiac Life Support guided therapies.

Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Shock
ACPE #: 0204-0000-20-993-H01-P

• Interpret diagnostic and/or laboratory tests, vital signs, and clinical presentation in order to differentiate types of shock (hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic)
• Compare and contrast the pharmacologic agents utilized in shock
• Recommend therapy and monitoring based on patient-specific information and current guidelines for the treatment of shock

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Nutrition
ACPE #: 0204-0000-22-617-H01-P

• Interpret laboratory and diagnostic tests for fluid, electrolyte, and nutrition status.
• Recommend the most appropriate therapy and monitoring in patients with fluid, electrolyte, and nutritional disorders based on patient-specific information and current guidelines.
• Apply strategies to manage drug-related electrolyte interactions and nutrient interactions.

Faculty Bios

Paul M. Boylan, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 

Erica Crannage, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Associate Professor
Pharmacy Practice
St. Louis College of Pharmacy at The University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy;
Clinical Pharmacist
Mercy Clinic - Family Medicine
Saint Louis, Missouri 

Spencer H. Durham, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Auburn University
Harrison College of Pharmacy
Auburn, Alabama 

Jessica F. Farrell, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist
Albany Medical Center Division of Rheumatology; Professor and PGY2 Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Residency Program Coordinator
Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences;
Associate Medical Officer
Steffens Scleroderma Foundation
Albany, New York 

Alicia B. Forinash, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice
St. Louis College of Pharmacy at The University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy
Saint Louis, Missouri 

Nicole M. Hahn, PharmD, BCACP*
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist – Neurology
Kaiser Permanente
Denver, Colorado 

Diana Isaacs, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM, CDCES, FADCES
Endocrine Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Co-Director – Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy
CGM Program Coordinator
Cleveland Clinic Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute
Cleveland, Ohio 

Adam B. Jackson, PharmD, BCACP*
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Infectious Diseases
Kaiser Permanente Colorado
Denver, Colorado 

Hanlin Li, PharmD, MBA, BCACP
Lead Clinical Pharmacy Manager
NewYork-Presbyterian
New York, New York 

Joel C. Marrs, PharmD, MPH, FCCP, FAHA, FASHP, FNLA, BCACP, BCCP, BCPS, CHC, CLS
Professor
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Translational Science
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
College of Pharmacy
Nashville, Tennessee 

Kevin Malloy, PharmD, BCPS, BC-ADM, CDCES
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist - Endocrinology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio 

Michelle T. Martin, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacist and Clinical Associate Professor
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois 

Jamie L. McConaha, PharmD, BCACP*
Associate Professor
Pharmacy Practice
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

Emily K. McCoy, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP
Associate Clinical Professor
Auburn University
Harrison College of Pharmacy
Mobile, Alabama 

Molly G. Minze, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Admissions Abilene Campus
Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Abilene, Texas 

Melissa C. Palmer, PharmD, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Practitioner – Mental Health
Alaska VA Healthcare System
Anchorage, Alaska 

Katie J. Suda, PharmD, MS, FCCP
Professor
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

Jessica Tilton, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Assistant Professor
Clinical Pharmacist
Medication Therapy Management Clinic;
Clinical Coordinator
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois 

Elizabeth Van Dril, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Illinois at Chicago
College of Pharmacy
Chicago, Illinois

*Content Matter Experts

Jennifer Banks, Pharm.D, BCPS, BCACP, BCGP, CDCES, BC-ADM, BCMTM, AE-C, CDP, CPh
Manager, Well Managed Programs
Welldyne
Lakeland, Florida

Julie Bartell, PharmD, BCACP, FPSW
Pharmacotherapy Supervisor
SSM Health Monroe Clinic Medical Group
Monroe, Wisconsin 

Reasol A. Chino, PharmD, BCACP, CPH
CAPT, US Public Health Service
USPHS; Chief of Pharmacy
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo
El Paso, Texas 

Melanie Claborn, PharmD, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Southwestern Oklahoma State University; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Oklahoma City Indian Clinic
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 

Kelly K. Erdos, PharmD, BCACP, CACP
Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator
Residency Program Director
Banner Baywood Medical Center
Mesa, Arizona 

Kristin L. Fabbio, PharmD, BCACP
Ambulatory Care Pharmacotherapy Specialist
Senior Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator
The Brooklyn Hospital Center
Brooklyn, New York

Ariel D. Ferdock, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Mayo Clinic Health Systems
La Crosse, Wisconsin 

Shannon Gadd, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor
University of Utah, Division of Physician Assistant Studies
Salt Lake City, Utah 

Elizabeth Haftel, PharmD, MPH, BCACP, CDCES
Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacy Manager
Beth Israel Lahey Health
Boston, Massachusetts 

Patrick W. Hryshko, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Specialist – Ambulatory Care
Kingman Regional Medical Center
Kingman, Arizona 

Jason L. Isch, PharmD, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Manchester University, College of Pharmacy; Clinical Pharmacist – Ambulatory Care
Saint Joseph Health System
South Bend, Indiana

Ellen Jones, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Harding University College of Pharmacy 
Searcy, Arkansas 

Karen Kier, Ph.D., FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Director of Drug and Health Information
Raabe College of Pharmacy; Ohio Northern University
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Ohio Northern University HeatlhWise
Ada, Ohio 

Hyon Jane Lee, PharmD, BCACP
Pharmacy Manager
Swedish Hospital of Northshore, Edward Elmhurst Health
Chicago, Illinois 

Consultant Pharmacist
West Palm Beach, Florida 

Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
William Carey University School of Pharmacy; Clinical Pharmacist
Forrest General Hospital Family Medicine Residency Clinic
Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Ann M. Philbrick, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP
Associate Professor
University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy
Minneapolis, Minnesota 

Melanie Keaton Proffitt, PharmD, BCACP, BCMTMS, MHA
Manager of Outpatient Pharmacy Operations
Methodist Dallas Medical Center
Dallas, Texas 

Kelsey M. Rife, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System
Cleveland, Ohio 

Shelly L. Rutledge, PharmD, BCACP, INHC
Senior Clinical Pharmacy Specialist – Managed Care
Providence Health Plan
Beaverton, Oregon 

Kimberly Schnacky, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, DPLA
Clinical Pharmacy Program Manager – PACT and Non-Oncologic Biologics
Department of Veterans Affairs; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
VISN 8 Sunshine Healthcare Network
Orlando, Florida 

Kyle V. Sheffer, PharmD, BCACP
Pharmacy Informaticist
Lawton Indian Hospital, Indian Health Service
Lawton, Oklahoma 

Marina Suzuki, PharmD, PhD, BCPS, BCACP
Associate Professor
Pacific University School of Pharmacy; Pharmacist
Legacy Health
Hillsboro, Oregon 

Kenyu Tan, PharmD, BCACP, BCPS, BCGP 
Senior Clinical Pharmacist
IHH Healthgroup Singapore 
Mount Elizabeth Orchard Hospital
Singapore, Singapore  

Erica Lisbeth Torres, PharmD, BCACP
Family Medicine Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
University Health
San Antonio, Texas 

Emily B. Walsh, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City, Iowa 

Evan Williams, PharmD, MBA, BCPS, BCACP
Director of Accreditation Services
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy
Henerson, Nevada 

Danny Wolak, PharmD, BCACP, AAHIVP
Clinical Pharmacist
Chicago, Illinois 

MaryJo Zunic, PharmD, MHA, PhC, BCADM, BCACP, CDCES
Pharmacy Director
Indian Health Services; Pharmacist Clinician
Indian Health Service; Presbyterian Medical Group
Tohatchi, New Mexico

Ramadas Balasubramanian, PharmD, PhD, BCGP, BCACP, FASCP
Shivani Bhakta, PharmD, BCACP
Mason Bowman, PharmD, BCACP
Christ Ange Cellino, PharmD, MBA, BCACP
Megan Chynoweth, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES
Bryan Feagan, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BCOP
Ariel Ferdock, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES, BC-ADM
Shannon Gadd, PharmD, BCACP
Kisha Gant, PharmD, BCACP, BCGP, BCPS
Brianna Glynn-Servedio, PharmD, BCACP
Megan Grischeau, PharmD, BCACP
Allyson Helms, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, MS HSPA
Brittany Johnson, PharmD, BCACP
Aleia Judd, PharmD, BCACP
Karen Kier, PhD, MSc, BCPS, BCACP
Patricia Lambro, PharmD, BCACP
Saskia Leather, PharmD, BCACP
Hyon Lee, PHARMD BCACP
Amy Luo, PharmD, BCACP
Matthew Maddox, PharmD, JD, BCACP, BCGP
Rania Meade, RPh, BCACP
Kristen Miezianko, PharmD, BCACP
Ina Norsworthy, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Joseph Nosser, PharmD, BCACP, BCMTMS
Rakesh Patel, PharmD, BCACP
Melanie Proffitt, PharmD; BCACP
Stephen Rabe, PharmD, MS, BCACP
Jordan Rowe, PharmD, BCACP, BC-ADM
Victoria Rupp, PharmD, BCACP, BC-ADM
Kyle Sheffer, PharmD, BCACP
Harleen Singh, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP
Amy Skiff, PharmD, MS, BCACP
Chris Terpening, PhD, PharmD, BCACP
Rebecca Tran, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BCCP, CLS
Emily Walsh, PharmD, BCACP
MaryJo Zunic, PharmD, MHA, PhC, BCACP, BC-ADM, CDCES

Disclosures

In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education’s Standards for Commercial Support and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education’s Standards for Commercial Support, ACCP and ASHP requires that all individuals involved in the development of activity content disclose their relevant financial relationships. A person has a relevant financial relationship if the individual of his or her spouse/partner has a financial relationship (e.g., employee, consultant, research grant recipient, speaker’s bureau, or stockholder) in any amount occurring the in the last 24 months with a commercial interest whose products or series may be discussed in the educational activity content over which the individual has control. The existence of these relationships is provided for the information of participants and should not be assumed to have an adverse impact on the content. 

All faculty and planners for ACCP and ASHP education activities are qualified and selected by ACCP and ASHP and required to disclose any relevant financial relationships with commercial interests. ACCP and ASHP identify and resolve conflicts of interest prior to an individual’s participation in development of content for an educational activity. Anyone who refuses to disclose relevant financial relationships must be disqualified from any involvement with a continuing pharmacy education activity. 

Faculty Disclosures 

Consultant/Member of Advisory Board: Diana Isaacs (Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic), Michelle T. Martin (AbbVie, Gilead); Molly Minze (Endocrine/Vaccine Monographs – Wolters Kluwer-Lexicomp)

Employee: Alicia B. Forinash (Spouse – Bayer); Elizabeth Van Dril (Novo Nordisk)

Grant Funding/Research Support: Paul Boylan (Pfizer); Jessica Farrell (Janssen Pharmaceuticals), Michelle T. Martin (Merck)

Stock Shareholder: Alicia B. Forinash (Spouse – Bayer); Michelle T. Martin (AbbVie, Gilead, and Merck), Jessica Tilton (Moderna, Viatris)

Speaker’s Bureau: Jessica Farrell (Pfizer, AbbVie), Michelle T. Martin (AbbVie, Gilead), Diana Isaacs (Abbott, Ascensia, Cequr, Dexcom, Insulet, Lilly, Mankind, Nova Nordisk, Tandem)

Nothing to Disclose: Erica Crannage, Spencer H. Durham, Nicole M. Hahn, Adam B. Jackson, Hanlin Li, Kevin Malloy, Joel C. Marrs, Jamie McConaha, Emily McCoy, Melissa C. Palmer, Katie J. Suda 

Reviewer Disclosures

Consultant: Ellen Jones (StatPearls) 

All relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies listed have been mitigated. 

All other planners, presenters, reviewers, ASHP and ACCP, and others with an opportunity to control content report no financial relationships relevant to this activity. 

In accordance with our accreditor’s Standards of Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education, ASHP requires that all individuals in control of content disclose all financial relationships with ineligible companies. An individual has a relevant financial relationship if they have had a financial relationship with an ineligible company in any dollar amount in the past 24 months and the educational content that the individual controls is related to the business lines or products of the ineligible company. 

An ineligible company is any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. The presence or absence of relevant financial relationships will be disclosed to the activity audience. 

As required by the Standards of Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education, all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to the CPE activity.

Activities can be completed in any order. Each activity consists of audio, video, and/or PDFs and evaluations. Learners must review all content and complete the evaluations to receive continuing pharmacy education credit for each activity. 

Follow the prompts to claim, view, or print the statement of credit within 60 days after completing the activity. 

ASHP and ACCP collaborate on ambulatory care pharmacy activities.