Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Specialty Review Course, Workbook Chapters, and Practice Exam (No Recert Credit) (L269010)

These activities are intended for pharmacists who are seeking to update their knowledge and skills commensurate with a board certification examination in the areas listed below.

This course consists of 19 activities (see table below) and provides up to 23.75 contact hours of continuing pharmacy education credit. The Review Course includes case-based presentations for application to real-life scenarios, links to the reference sources, and domains, tasks, and knowledge statements.

After participating in this CPE activity, learners should be able to: 

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-049-H04-P 

Developing and Managing a Clinical Practice

• Demonstrate the steps to identify the need for and implement pharmacist-provided patient care services in the ambulatory care setting.
• Design a robust and sustainable quality assessment program for pharmacist-provided patient care services in the ambulatory care setting.
• Summarize considerations for ongoing management of an ambulatory care service.
• Examine revenue-generating opportunities for pharmacist-provided patient care services in different ambulatory care settings.

Communication Strategies in Pharmacy

• Develop patient rapport, foster trust, and efficiently obtain accurate, comprehensive histories that overcome potential communication barriers.
• Assess patients’ knowledge, health literacy, self-management skills, health beliefs, and attitudes toward medications to tailor educational interventions that will improve medication therapy adherence and self-efficacy.
• Communicate medication-related information and pharmacist-directed patient care interventions effectively to other health care professionals both verbally and in writing through the medical record. 
• Discuss factors and methods used to assess and select age- and grade-level appropriate written educational materials intended for a variety of patient types. 

Dermatologic and Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat, and Immunologic Disorders

• Formulate an ophthalmologic drug therapy regimen for a patient presenting with macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, or glaucoma.
• Construct an individualized pharmacy care plan for a patient with allergic rhinitis.
• Initiate, change, and modify topical and oral therapeutic regimens for acne using a treatment algorithm.
• Recommend topical and systemic agents for treating plaque psoriasis given a patient’s disease presentation, severity, and prior therapies.
• Effectively educate a patient presenting with a skin infestation or minor burn on the purpose, proper use, and potential adverse reactions of treatment.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-050-H01-P

Psychiatric Disorders

• Analyze the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision  (DSM-5-TR) criteria and disease course for anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders.
• Apply a working knowledge of common drug and nondrug therapies for psychiatric disorders, including drug, dose, frequency, adverse effects, drug interactions, and monitoring values.
• Recommend appropriate treatments, including both lifestyle modification and specific drug therapy (medication dose, schedule, and delivery system), on the basis of relevant patient factors (pharmacodynamic, physiologic, pharmacokinetic, and socioeconomic parameters).
• Develop a patient-specific monitoring plan including medication effectiveness, adverse drug reactions, and drug and disease state interactions.

Neurology

• Given a patient case, select an appropriate antiseizure medication (ASM) regimen for a patient with epilepsy on the basis of seizure type and ASM mechanism of action, common adverse effects, and drug interactions.
• Provide a recommendation for an appropriate pharmacologic therapy for a patient with episodic or chronic migraine headache.
• Select and manage appropriate disease-modifying therapy for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) on the basis of MS subtype and other patient-specific factors.
• Recommend an appropriate pharmacologic therapy for a patient with Parkinson disease, neuropathic pain, or Alzheimer disease.  

Bone/Joint and Rheumatology

• Identify patients at risk of/presenting with osteoporosis (OA) for further screening and recommend an appropriate therapy plan to prevent future fractures.
• Recommend therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the basis of clinical practice guidelines and patient-specific factors.
• Recommend screenings, laboratory tests, or immunizations at appropriate intervals for patients with RA, PsA, or SLE treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) or biologic DMARD therapies.
• Choose appropriate drug therapy for OA or fibromyalgia on the basis of drug efficacy and a patient’s comorbid conditions.
• Formulate a care plan to help patients decrease their uric acid concentrations, gout symptoms, and gouty attacks using nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-051-H01-P

Cardiology I

• Evaluate the appropriate use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events according to practice guidelines and clinical trial evidence.
• Design an evidence-based treatment and monitoring strategy for patients with hypertension that considers goals of therapy, comorbid conditions, and compelling indications.
• Create an evidence-based treatment and monitoring plan for patients receiving lipid-lowering therapies for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypertriglyceridemia.
• Devise an evidence-based treatment plan for secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease.

Cardiology II

• Formulate appropriate oral anticoagulant treatment strategies for patients who develop venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) or atrial fibrillation (AF) without mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valves or who have mechanical heart valves consistent with available consensus panel guidelines, recent US Food and Drug Administration approvals, and randomized clinical trials. 
• Compare key differences in onset of action, dosing, administration, absorption, effects on common coagulation tests, and drug interactions between dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and warfarin. 
• Design patient-specific, guideline-driven treatment, monitoring, and follow-up plans for patients with heart failure, AF, or ventricular tachycardia. 
• Analyze treatment goals, common adverse effects, clinically important drug interactions, monitoring, and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies requirements for oral pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. 

Pulmonary Disorders

• Compare and contrast common features of patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or both.
• Select appropriate evidence-based treatment for patients with asthma, COPD, and/or nicotine dependence based on specific patient factors and comorbidities.
• Develop a comprehensive education plan with monitoring parameters for patients on therapy for asthma, COPD, and/or smoking cessation.
• Compare and contrast the different respiratory inhaler devices and holding chambers.
• Integrate smoking cessation and behavioral counseling as a best practice when assisting a patient who is trying to quit smoking.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-052-H01-P

Diabetes

• Compare and contrast common features of patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or both.
• Select appropriate evidence-based treatment for patients with asthma, COPD, and/or nicotine dependence based on specific patient factors and comorbidities.
• Develop a comprehensive education plan with monitoring parameters for patients on therapy for asthma, COPD, and/or smoking cessation.
• Compare and contrast the different respiratory inhaler devices and holding chambers.
• Integrate smoking cessation and behavioral counseling as a best practice when assisting a patient who is trying to quit smoking.

Endocrine Disorders

• Design appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy dosing strategies for patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
• Develop appropriate patient-specific pharmacotherapy for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Medically manage a patient with hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and growth hormone deficiency.
• Differentiate between available weight-loss medications and design a patient-specific treatment plan.
• Design a patient-specific treatment plan, for a patient with adrenal gland disorders and Cushing disease.
• Formulate a patient specific treatment plan with appropriate monitoring guidelines for hypogonadism.

Nephrology

• Formulate an appropriate care plan to mitigate risk and slow progression in a patient at risk of developing, or presenting with, acute kidney injury, drug-induced kidney disease, or chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Using appropriate data, assess kidney function, dialysis regimen information, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic drug properties in a patient to inform clinical decision-making.
• Construct an evidence-based treatment plan for managing the most common medical problems in patients with CKD, including anemia, CKD-related mineral and bone disorder, and hyperkalemia.
• Interpret Medicare Part B and D policies related to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis care (i.e., ESRD Prospective Payment System, Quality Incentive Program, Conditions for Coverage, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Comprehensive ESRD Care Model) and their respective effects on medication use.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-053-H01-P

Infectious Diseases I

• Design appropriate treatment regimens for sexually transmitted infections based on accurate identification of their clinical presentations. 
• Describe the classifications, adverse effects, and major drug interactions associated with antiretroviral agents. 
• Formulate treatment strategies for the management of HIV and commonly encountered opportunistic infections. 
• Design appropriate strategies for treatment and prevention of influenza and other viral infections. 
• Design treatment regimens for superficial and endemic fungal infections by assessing associated risk factors. 

Infectious Diseases II

• Use appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment regimens for patients with urinary tract infections, prostatitis, community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute otitis media, skin and soft tissue infections, latent tuberculosis infection, conjunctivitis, Lyme disease, antibiotic prophylaxis, infectious diarrhea, and Clostridioides difficile infections.
• Interpret risk factors and clinical circumstances for the development of antimicrobial resistance.
• Use an antimicrobial therapeutic regimen to treat resistant infections and prevent their future development.
• Use evidence-based medicine and patient-specific factors to design antimicrobial regimens that are appropriate and cost-effective.

Gastrointestinal Disorders
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders within the objectives refer to the disorders covered in this chapter and include the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, chronic liver disease manifestations, viral hepatitis, malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, constipation, nausea and vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. 

• Apply national guideline–based treatment strategies for GI disorders. 
• Assess the benefit-risk of drug therapy for patients with GI disorders.  
• Prepare appropriate nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for managing GI disorders. 
• Develop a patient-specific comprehensive therapeutic plan for managing GI disorders.  
• Initiate drug-related patient education and counseling for pharmacologic therapies used in managing GI disorders. 

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-054-H01-P

Genitourinary, Electrolytes, and Nutritional Deficiencies/Supplementation in Older Adults

• Assess common genitourinary diseases, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies in ambulatory older adults.
• Evaluate and manage drug-induced causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction (ED), electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies in ambulatory older adults.
• Compare and contrast pharmacologic interventions for BPH, urinary incontinence, ED, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies.
• Formulate treatment strategies for BPH, urinary incontinence, ED, electrolyte abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies using patient-specific information.

Obstetrics and Gynecology

• Design a plan for contraception, infertility, menstrual disorders, and endometriosis on the basis of patient-specific information. 
• Design a plan for common acute and chronic conditions in pregnancy and lactation. 
• Design a plan for menopausal symptoms on the basis of patient-specific information. 
• Develop provider and patient education regarding medication use during pregnancy and lactation, contraception, infertility, menstrual disorders, endometriosis, and postmenopausal therapy. 

Practices and Processes of Care

• Illustrate a pharmacist’s role and resources regarding quality management, medication safety, and process improvement.
• Assess the different types of patient care services within ambulatory care pharmacy practice, including any applicable scope or limitations of practice.
• Use formulary management activities and other resources to improve the prescribing of and access to safe, effective, and affordable treatments.

ACPE Number: 0217-9999-26-055-H99-P

Trial Design and Biostatistics

• Describe hypothesis testing and state the meaning of and distinguish between P values, CIs, and measures of central tendency and data spread.
• Define, compare, and contrast the concepts of internal and external validity, causation, association, bias, confounding, subgroup analysis, surrogate end points, and composite end points in trial design.
• Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of various study designs (e.g., prospective, retrospective, case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic review, and meta-analysis).
• Determine why a statistical test is appropriate or not appropriate, given the sample distribution, data type, and study design.
• Interpret statistical and clinical significance for results from commonly used biostatistical estimation strategies (i.e., CIs) and statistical tests (i.e., P values).
• Define and evaluate odds ratio, risk/incidence rate, relative risk, number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and other risk estimates.

Full Faculty Bios

Lauren Anderson, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Clinical Professor
St John’s University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences
Clinical Pharmacist Manager
New York Presbyterian Queens
Queens, New York 

Shubha Bhat, PharmD, MS, FCCP, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacist - Gastroenterology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio 

Brandi L. Bowers, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Missouri-Kansas City
Springfield, Missouri 

David K. Choi, PharmD, BCACP
Associate Director
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center
Chicago, Illinois 

Erica Crannage, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Associate Professor
St. Louis College of Pharmacy at The University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist
Mercy Clinic Family Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri 

Spencer H. Durham, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCIDP
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy
Auburn, Alabama 

Alicia B. Forinash, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Maternal Fetal Care Center/WISH Center
SSM Health St. Mary’s
Professor of Pharmacy Practice
St. Louis College of Pharmacy at The University of Health
Sciences and Pharmacy
St. Louis, Missouri 

Nicole M. Hahn, PharmD, BCACP*
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist - Neurology
Kaiser Permanente
Denver, Colorado 

Diana Isaacs, PharmD, FCCP, FADCES, BCACP, BC-ADM, CDCES
Endocrine Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Co-Director - Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy
CGM Program Coordinator
Cleveland Clinic Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute
Cleveland, Ohio 

Adam B. Jackson, PharmD, BCACP*
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist  in Drug Utilization Management
Kaiser Permanente Colorado
Denver, Colorado 

Zachary Klick, PharmD, BCACP, BCCP, BCPS, CPP
Cardiology Pharmacist
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 

Melissa Lipari, PharmD, BCACP
Associate Professor (Clinical)
Wayne State University
Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Specialist
Ascension St. John HospitalDetroit,
Michigan 

Jamie L. McConaha, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP*
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Duquesne University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania            

Emily K. McCoy, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP
Associate Clinical Professor
Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy
Mobile, Alabama 

Molly G. Minze, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Admissions
Abilene Campus
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
Abilene, Texas 

Melissa C. Palmer, PharmD, BCPS, BCPP
Clinical Pharmacy Practitioner – Mental Health
Alaska VA Healthcare System
Anchorage, Alaska 

Jessica Tilton, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Assistant ProfessorClinical Pharmacist
Medication Therapy Management Clinic;
Clinical Coordinator
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois 

Elizabeth Van Dril, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES
Clinical Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine/Managed Care
University of Illinois Chicago Herbert M. and Carol H. Retzky
College of Pharmacy
Chicago, Illinois 

Emily Walsh, PharmD, BCACP
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
University of Iowa Health Care;
Adjunct Assistant Professor
University of Iowa College of Pharmacy
Iowa City, Iowa

*Content Matter Experts

Kevin Astle, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CDCES, AAHIVP 
Associate Professor
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida 

Teresa Bailey, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP 
Professor
Ferris State University College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist
WMed Health Clinics
Kalamazoo, Michigan 

Julie Bartell, PharmD, FPSW, BCACP 
Ambulatory Pharmacy Supervisor
SSM Health Monroe Clinic
Monroe, Wisconsin 

Megan Chynoweth, PharmD, FCSHP, BCACP, CDCES, APh 
Lead Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Kaiser Permanente
Downey, California 

Melanie K. Claborn, PharmD, BCACP 
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Oklahoma City Indian Clinic
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 

Kristen Cook, PharmD, BCACP 
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist
Nebraska Medicine Patient-Centered Medical Home
Omaha, Nebraska 

Morgan Dermody, PharmD, MBA, BCPS, BCACP 
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist – Ambulatory Care, Cardiology
Community Health Network
Indianapolis, Indiana 

Emily Eddy, PharmD, BCACP, MSLD 
Assistant Professor
Director of Labs and Simulations
Texas Tech Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
Dallas, Texas 

Ariel Ferdock, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM, CDCES 
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Mayo Clinic Health System
La Crosse, Wisconsin 

Lindsay Gordon, PharmD, BCACP 
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Kaiser Permanente – South Bay Medical Center
Harbor City, California 

Benjamin Neil Gross, PharmD, MBA, FCCP, BCPS, BCACP 
Chair and Associate Professor
Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy
Nashville, Tennessee 

Chelsey Huppert, PharmD, BCACP 
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy
Omaha, Nebraska 

Jason L. Isch, PharmD, BCACP 
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Manchester University, College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist – Ambulatory Care
Saint Joseph Health System
South Bend, Indiana 

Danielle Joset, PharmD, MHA, BCACP 
Head of Clinical Pharmacy Services
Cityblock Health, Inc
Brooklyn, New York 

Chelsea A. Keedy, PharmD, BCACP 
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Ambulatory Care Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
St Joseph’s/Candler
Savannah, Georgia 

Rebecca Khaimova, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES 
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Northwell Health
New Hyde Park, New York 

Karen L. Kier, PhD, MSc, RPh, FCCP, FASHP, BCPS, BCACP 
Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Director of Drug and Health Information
Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Ohio Northern University HealthWise
Ada, Ohio 

Nathan Lamberton, PharmD, BCACP 
Assistant Professor
CU School of Pharmacy
Denver, Colorado 

Chelsey Llayton, PharmD, BCACP 
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
University of Charleston School of Pharmacy
Charleston, West Virginia 

Janelle Lee Martinez, PharmD, BCACP, LCDR 
USPHS Commissioned Corps;
Chief Pharmacist
FCI Leavenworth, Federal Bureau of Prisons
Leavenworth, Kansas 

Sarah A. Moss, PharmD, MPH, BCACP, BCPS, BC-ADM 
Assistant Professor
University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 
Aurora, Colorado 

Briana P. Murray, PharmD, BCACP 
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Chase Brexton Health Care
Baltimore, Maryland 

Albert Joseph Nosser Jr, PharmD, BCACP, BCMTMS 
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice
William Carey University School of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist
Forrest General Hospital Family Medicine Residency Clinic
Hattiesburg, Mississippi 

Ann M. Philbrick, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP 
Associate Professor
University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy
Minneapolis, Minnesota 

Melanie Keaton Proffitt, PharmD, MHA, BCACP, BCMTMS 
Director of Outpatient Pharmacy Operations
Methodist Dallas Medical Center
Dallas, Texas 

Brenna Reilly-Evans, PharmD, BCACP, AAHIVP 
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Brown University Health
Providence, Rhode Island 

Salma Shahin, PharmD, BPharm, BCACP 
Clinical Pharmacist
Al Qassimi Hospital – Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 

Lindsay Sheehan, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES, CPP 
Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Atrium Health
Team Lead and PGY1 Coordinator
Advocate Health
Kannapolis, North Carolina 

Kyle V. Sheffer, PharmD, BCACP, CPH 
Pharmacy Informaticist
Indian Health Service, USPHS
Lawton, Oklahoma 

Marina Suzuki, PharmD, PhD, BCPS, BCACP 
Research Manager
Washington Health Care Authority
Olympia, Washington 

John Swegle, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP 
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Iowa College of Pharmacy;
Clinical Pharmacist
MercyOne North Iowa Family Medicine Residency
Mason City, Iowa 

Kenyu Tan, PharmD, BCACP, BCPS, BCGP 
Senior Clinical Pharmacist
IHH Healthgroup Singapore
Mount Elizabeth Orchard Hospital
Singapore, Singapore 

Rachael Ulbricht, PharmD, BCACP, CSP 
Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacist
The University of Kansas Health System
Kansas City, Kansas 

Evan Williams, PharmD, MBA, BCPS, BCACP 
Director of Accreditation Services
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy
Henderson, Nevada 

Anita Yang, PharmD, BCACP, CPP 
Cardiorenal Metabolic Risk Reduction Clinical Pharmacist Practitioner
University of North Carolina Health
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 

Elizabeth S. Yett, PharmD, BCACP, TTS 
Assistant Professor
University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy
Memphis, Tennessee 

Allison Young, PharmD, BCACP 
Pharmacist
Mayo Clinic Health System
Fairmont, Minnesota 

In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education’s Standards for Commercial Support and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education’s Standards for Commercial Support, ACCP and ASHP requires that all individuals involved in the development of activity content disclose their relevant financial relationships. A person has a relevant financial relationship if the individual of his or her spouse/partner has a financial relationship (e.g., employee, consultant, research grant recipient, speaker’s bureau, or stockholder) in any amount occurring the in the last 24 months with a commercial interest whose products or series may be discussed in the educational activity content over which the individual has control. The existence of these relationships is provided for the information of participants and should not be assumed to have an adverse impact on the content. 

All faculty and planners for ACCP and ASHP education activities are qualified and selected by ACCP and ASHP and required to disclose any relevant financial relationships with commercial interests. ACCP and ASHP identify and resolve conflicts of interest prior to an individual’s participation in development of content for an educational activity. Anyone who refuses to disclose relevant financial relationships must be disqualified from any involvement with a continuing pharmacy education activity. 

Faculty Disclosures: 

Consultant/Member of Advisory Board: Shubha Bhat (AbbVie, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Janssen), David K. Choi (AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer), Diana Isaacs (Medtronic), Molly G. Minze (Endocrine/Vaccine Monographs – Wolters Kluwer-Lexicomp), Elizabeth Van Dril (Novo Nordisk) 

Royalties: Alicia B. Forinash (Wolters Kluwer) 

Stock Shareholder: Alicia B. Forinash (Spouse – Bayer); Jessica Tilton (Moderna, Pfizer, Viatris) 

Grant: Elizabeth Van Dril (Bayer) 

Speaker’s Bureau: David K. Choi (AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson), Diana Isaacs (Abbott, Dexcom, Insulet, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sequel), Melissa Lipari (Premier CE) 

Nothing to Disclose: Lauren Anderson, Brandi L. Bowers, Erica Crannage, Spencer H. Durham, Nicole M. Hahn, Adam B. Jackson, Zachary Klick, Jamie L. McConaha, Emily K. McCoy, Melissa C. Palmer, Emily B. Walsh  

Reviewer Disclosures  

Stock Shareholder: Lindsay Gordon (Viking Therapeutics) 

Consultant: Rachael Ulbricht (Wolters Kluwer)  

Nothing to Disclose: Kevin Astle, Teresa Bailey, Julie Bartell, Megan Chynoweth, Melanie K. Claborn, Kristen Cook, Morgan Dermody, Emily Eddy, Ariel D. Ferdock, Benjamin Neil Gross, Jason L. Isch, Danielle Joset, Chelsea A. Keedy, Rebecca Khaimova, Karen L. Kier, Nathan Lamberton, Chelsey Llayton, Janelle Lee Martinez, Sarah Moss, Briana P. Murray, Albert Joseph Nosser Jr, Ann M. Philbrick, Melanie Keaton Proffitt, Brenna Reilly-Evans, Salma Shahin, Lindsay Sheehan, Kyle V. Sheffer, Marina Suzuki, John Swegle, Kenyu Tan, Evan Williams, Anita Yang, Elizabeth Yett, Allison Young  

All relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies listed have been mitigated. 

All other planners, presenters, reviewers, ASHP and ACCP, and others with an opportunity to control content report no financial relationships relevant to this activity. 

In accordance with our accreditor’s Standards of Integrity and Independence in Accredited 

All relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies listed have been mitigated. 

All other planners, presenters, reviewers, ASHP and ACCP, and others with an opportunity to control content report no financial relationships relevant to this activity. 

In accordance with our accreditor’s Standards of Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education, ASHP requires that all individuals in control of content disclose all financial relationships with ineligible companies. An individual has a relevant financial relationship if they have had a financial relationship with an ineligible company in any dollar amount in the past 24 months and the educational content that the individual controls is related to the business lines or products of the ineligible company. 

An ineligible company is any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. The presence or absence of relevant financial relationships will be disclosed to the activity audience. 

As required by the Standards of Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education, all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to the CPE activity.

Activities can be completed in any order. Each activity consists of audio, video, and/or PDFs and evaluations. Learners must review all content and complete the evaluations to receive continuing pharmacy education credit for each activity. 

Follow the prompts to claim, view, or print the statement of credit within 60 days after completing the activity. 

ACCP and ASHP collaborate on ambulatory care activities. 

To maintain its strict, independent standards for certification, BPS does NOT endorse or provide review information, preparatory courses, or study guides for Board Certification Examinations.