Pharmacy Leadership Certificate: Management Basics

Business Services: Health-System Pharmacy Financial Management
ACPE:0204-0000-25-811-H04-P&T
Application-based
3.25 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Describe, in brief, the headwinds facing hospital and pharmacy leaders in health care.
• Identify the role of the pharmacy executive and the role you can play.
• Explain, in brief, the business of health care in general, and pharmacy specifically.
• Explain the value equation.
• Describe fiscal services departments in health systems and their typical organizational structure.
• Explain the purpose and elements of each of the most common financial statements.
• Identify the key tenets of the budget and accounting cycles.
• Describe the key components of a pharmacy operating budget.
• Identify the key components of a capital budget.
• Describe strategies for securing minor and major capital resources.
• Explain the purposes of an operating review series (ORS).
• Describe the topics typically reviewed during an ORS meeting.
• Give examples of key performance indicators for functional/service areas within health system pharmacies.
• Apply common financial key performance indicators (fKPIs) to an example service area.
• Describe the importance of routine monitoring of financial performance including identifying budget variances.
• Explain the role of internal and external benchmarking in evaluating pharmacy productivity.
• Explain processes to ensure revenue capture through robust revenue cycle operations.
• Identify ways pharmacy can lead outpatient medical benefit revenue cycle.
• Evaluate payer requirements, including site of care restrictions.
• Describe strategies for developing a business plan for a pharmacy service.
• Justify a staff position given a case scenario to be presented to executive leadership. 

Business Services: Medication Cost Management
ACPE:0204-0000-25-812-H04-P&T
Application-based
2 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the guiding principles of formulary decision-making.
• Evaluate the roles and responsibilities of a pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee.
• Analyze an example P&T committee structure and formulary approval process.
• List possible formulary designations to which medications may be categorized.
• Describe the relationship  between wholesalers, group purchasing organizations, and health system pharmacies.
• Explain the functions of wholesalers and group purchasing organizations.
• Explain pharmaceutical pricing models.
• Summarize the impact of the 340B program on pharmaceutical pricing.
• Describe inventory control principles and processes.
• Explain strategies for preparing for and responding to drug shortages. 

Inpatient Operations
ACPE:0204-0000-25-813-H04-P&T
Application-based
2.25 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Describe methods for drug storage, security, and control for different patient care areas (inpatient, procedural, ambulatory, clinic, provider offices, urgent care, and off-site locations).
• Explain regulatory requirements related to receipt, storage, and distribution of drugs.
• Categorize drug storage temperatures based on United States Pharmacopeia (USP) definitions.
• Discuss required components of medication orders.
• List pharmacy records that must be maintained.
• Describe best practices for drug repackaging.
• Describe the evolution of medication distribution systems in health systems.
• Evaluate current medication distribution systems.
• Explain advantages and disadvantages of various distribution systems.
• Summarize how medication distribution systems support pharmacy practice models.
• Describe current pharmacy technologies.
• Interpret evidence describing the impact of technology on the medication use process.
• Explain considerations for harmonizing technology across the pharmacy enterprise. 

Safety and Quality
ACPE:0204-0000-25-814-H04-P&T
Application-based
3.5 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Discuss the most common causes and types of medication errors.
• Differentiate between active and latent failures.
• Identify system-based causes of medication errors.
• Describe the concept of just culture.
• Explain the principles of high reliability organizations.
• Analyze how errors occur in the medication use process.
• Differentiate medication error risk by stages of the medication use process.
• Describe internal processes for reporting adverse drug events.
• Summarize external requirements for reporting adverse drug events.
• Interpret the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) classification system for categorizing medication errors.
• Describe a framework for assessing and responding to errors.
• Evaluate strategies to prevent harm in the medication use system.
• Describe a systematic approach to reducing preventable harm in health systems.
• Explain why continuous quality improvement (CQI) is relevant to pharmacy leaders.
• Describe the four types of quality measures.
• Identify the six domains of health care quality.
• Identify the most common quality improvement methodologies.
• Describe each phase of the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. 

Pharmacy Workforce
ACPE:0204-0000-25-815-H04-P&T
Application-based
4 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Explain fundamental labor laws impacting human resources functions.
• Differentiate between exempt and non-exempt employees.
• Interpret anti-discrimination laws and reasonable accommodation requirements.
• Apply best practices for interviewing to avoid discriminatory practices.
• Explain recruitment strategies for various pharmacy personnel positions.
• Identify factors to consider when evaluating candidates.
• Compare recruiting and selection practices for internal versus external candidates.
• Recommend effective interviewing strategies for selecting the best candidates.
• Discuss the importance of communicating organization and department goals, and performance expectations to new pharmacy staff.
• Describe best practices for onboarding and training new pharmacy staff.
• Summarize the principles of highly reliable organizations and elements of effective safety huddles.
• List themes that are typically assessed in employee engagement surveys.
• Explain the fundamental responsibilities of frontline pharmacy supervisors.
• Identify key components of a job description.
• Explain the performance evaluation cycle.
• Summarize the relationship among organizational, departmental, and individual employee goals; and how these goals are relevant to employees' performance evaluations.
• Describe approaches to managing employee performance problems, including use of a progressive discipline process.
• Given a case scenario, evaluate a pharmacy employee's performance.
• Identify necessary information to create a department staffing plan.
• Develop an effective staffing strategy given a budget of full-time equivalents (FTEs), operating hours, and service expectations.
• Use fair and consistent principles to design a scheduling system.
• Summarize the impact of unions on health care organizations.
• Describe the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and concept of right to work.
• Analyze collective bargaining agreement requirements in health care. 

Regulatory and Accreditation Compliance
ACPE:0204-0000-25-816-H04-P&T
Application-based
4 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Identify the federal agency that sets the requirements for hospitals.
• List the accreditation organizations deemed by Medicare to survey hospitals.
• Interpret the DEA CFR as it relates to controlled substances processes.
• Compare the diversion standards from The Joint Commission, Det Norske Veritas, and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
• Explain topics of state board of pharmacy rules that impact hospital pharmacy practice.
• Describe the rationale of cleanroom design and airflow.
• Discuss the importance of cleanroom behavior to protect compounded sterile preparations.
• Analyze appropriate engineering controls for hazardous drug compounding.
• Identify key elements of personal protective equipment required for hazardous drug compounding.
• Apply standards for documentation to compounding records. 

Leadership
ACPE:0204-0000-25-817-H04-P&T
Application-based
4 contact hours 

Learning Objectives:

• Summarize concepts described in change management literature.
• Analyze the human elements of change management.
• Describe effective strategies for engaging team members during times of change.
• Describe the four phases of project management.
• Identify key process points in a project.
• Explain the components of a project management template.
• Apply strategies for cultivating a high performing team.
• Adjust leadership styles according to a talent management matrix.
• Recommend scenarios where delegation is effectively utilized.
• Select tools to support effective time management.
• Apply strategies for managing multiple priorities.
• Explain principles for conducting effective meetings.
• Discuss the primary functions of committees.
• Describe a framework that organizes committee participation by roles, deliverables, and expectations.
• Explain the role networking plays in professional growth and development.
• Develop goals related to building and maintaining one’s professional network.