2012 APhA/ASHP Ambulatory Care Literature Study - Module 1
Knowledge-based: 8.0 Credit Hours
Release Date: 10/31/2012
Expiration Date: 10/31/2015
APhA members: To receive the member rate when purchasing this activity, enter “APhABCACP” in the promotion code field at check out.
This Literature Study is an online program that provides information on contemporary topics related to ambulatory care specialty practice. To earn the 8 hours, you must read the instructional materials and successfully complete the online assessment and evaluation. Only completed tests are eligible for credit; no partial or incomplete tests will be processed.
Learning Objectives
1. Abrons JP & Smith M. Patient-centered medical homes: Primer for pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011; 17(5):52-64.
reprinted with permission from the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Explain the role of the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) in serving as the leading organization in setting standards for the patient-centered medical home (PCMH).
• List the NCQA components and essential elements of the PCMH.
• Describe the seven principles for incorporation of pharmacists’ clinical services into the PCMH framework.
• Discuss the importance of recognition of the pharmacist’s role in providing medication therapy management (MTM) services in gaining inclusion of pharmacists in PCMHs.
• Identify ways to facilitate pharmacist involvement in the PCMH.
2. Longworth DL. Accountable care organizations, the patient-centered medical home, and health care reform: what does it all mean? Cleve Clin J Med. 2011; 78:571-82.
reprinted with permission from the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Describe recent trends in health care quality and expenditures in the United States that led to the creation of accountable care organizations (ACOs) and patient-centered medical home (PCMHs).
• Compare and contrast the goals and structures of ACOs and PCMHs.
• Identify the required aspects of patient-centered care in a Medicare ACO.
• List the five core competencies that predict ACO readiness.
• Name a potential disadvantage of ACOs.
3. Giberson S, Yoder S, Lee MP. Improving Patient and Health System Outcomes through Advanced Pharmacy Practice. A report to the U.S. Surgeon General. Office of the Chief Pharmacist. U.S. Public Health Service. December 2011
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Identify and discuss a barrier to pharmacists functioning as primary health care providers in the United States.
• Describe services currently provided by pharmacists that meet the definition of primary care according to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and The Care Continuum Alliance.
• List the six Indian Health Service (IHS) pharmacy standards of practice, and identify the standard that was developed to encompass expanded patient care services delivered by pharmacists.
• Compare and contrast compensation and reimbursement for pharmacists performing in advanced practice roles.
4. The Patient-Centered Medical Home: Integrating Comprehensive Medication Management to Optimize Patient Outcomes. A resource guide 2010.
reprinted with permission from the Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative website, www.pcpcc.net
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Define medication management in the context of the medical home.
• Identify the four steps of comprehensive medication management services within the medical home.
• Describe the types of patients who are most likely to benefit from comprehensive medication management in the medical home.
• Discuss the value of comprehensive medication management in the medical home, and provide a conservative estimate of the return on investment in these services.
• Explain how comprehensive medication management services integrate with the medical home team.
5. Isetts, BJ. Pharmaceutical Care, MTM, & Payment: The Past, Present, & Future. Ann Pharmacother. 2012; 46:S47-56.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Define drug-related morbidity and mortality (DRMM) and explain its impact on the evolution of pharmacy services and the role of the pharmacist in the patient-care process.
• Describe the impact of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) as it relates to the development of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used to describe medication therapy management (MTM).
• Provide examples of the value evidence for pharmaceutical care.
• Discuss Medicare MTM program requirements for comprehensive mediation review (CMR).
6. Avery AJ, Rodgers S, Cantrill JA, Armstrong S, Cresswell K, Eden M, Elliott RA, Howard R, Kendrick D, Morris CJ, Prescott RJ, Swanick G, Franklin M, Putman K, Boyd M, Sheikh, A. A pharmacist-led information technology intervention for medication errors (PINCER): a multicentre, cluster randomized, controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet. 2012; 379:1310-9.
NOTE: access to this article is free but you will need to create an account on The Lancet site.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Describe how pharmacists can utilize information technology to decrease medication-related errors.
• Identify the most common types of preventable adverse drug events in the primary care setting.
• Compare the impact of a multifaceted pharmacist-led information technology intervention (PINCER) with that of simple feedback on the incidence of clinically-important errors in the primary care setting.
• Explain the cost-effectiveness acceptability of PINCER in the primary care setting.
APhA has been granted permission by the respective publishers to post the articles used in this recertification offering. A reprint fee has been paid where requested.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Pharmacists Association are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as providers of continuing pharmacy education (CPE).
This knowledge-based activity is approved for 8 hours of CPE credits. The ACPE Universal Activity Number assigned by the accredited provider is 0204-9999-12-994-H04-P.
Target Audience: Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacists (BCACPs)
Development: This activity was developed by The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Pharmacists Association.
1. Abrons JP & Smith M. Patient-centered medical homes: Primer for pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011; 17(5):52-64.
reprinted with permission from the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Explain the role of the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) in serving as the leading organization in setting standards for the patient-centered medical home (PCMH).
• List the NCQA components and essential elements of the PCMH.
• Describe the seven principles for incorporation of pharmacists’ clinical services into the PCMH framework.
• Discuss the importance of recognition of the pharmacist’s role in providing medication therapy management (MTM) services in gaining inclusion of pharmacists in PCMHs.
• Identify ways to facilitate pharmacist involvement in the PCMH.
2. Longworth DL. Accountable care organizations, the patient-centered medical home, and health care reform: what does it all mean? Cleve Clin J Med. 2011; 78:571-82.
reprinted with permission from the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Describe recent trends in health care quality and expenditures in the United States that led to the creation of accountable care organizations (ACOs) and patient-centered medical home (PCMHs).
• Compare and contrast the goals and structures of ACOs and PCMHs.
• Identify the required aspects of patient-centered care in a Medicare ACO.
• List the five core competencies that predict ACO readiness.
• Name a potential disadvantage of ACOs.
3. Giberson S, Yoder S, Lee MP. Improving Patient and Health System Outcomes through Advanced Pharmacy Practice. A report to the U.S. Surgeon General. Office of the Chief Pharmacist. U.S. Public Health Service. December 2011
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Identify and discuss a barrier to pharmacists functioning as primary health care providers in the United States.
• Describe services currently provided by pharmacists that meet the definition of primary care according to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and The Care Continuum Alliance.
• List the six Indian Health Service (IHS) pharmacy standards of practice, and identify the standard that was developed to encompass expanded patient care services delivered by pharmacists.
• Compare and contrast compensation and reimbursement for pharmacists performing in advanced practice roles.
4. The Patient-Centered Medical Home: Integrating Comprehensive Medication Management to Optimize Patient Outcomes. A resource guide 2010.
reprinted with permission from the Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative website, www.pcpcc.net
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Define medication management in the context of the medical home.
• Identify the four steps of comprehensive medication management services within the medical home.
• Describe the types of patients who are most likely to benefit from comprehensive medication management in the medical home.
• Discuss the value of comprehensive medication management in the medical home, and provide a conservative estimate of the return on investment in these services.
• Explain how comprehensive medication management services integrate with the medical home team.
5. Isetts, BJ. Pharmaceutical Care, MTM, & Payment: The Past, Present, & Future. Ann Pharmacother. 2012; 46:S47-56.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Define drug-related morbidity and mortality (DRMM) and explain its impact on the evolution of pharmacy services and the role of the pharmacist in the patient-care process.
• Describe the impact of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) as it relates to the development of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used to describe medication therapy management (MTM).
• Provide examples of the value evidence for pharmaceutical care.
• Discuss Medicare MTM program requirements for comprehensive mediation review (CMR).
6. Avery AJ, Rodgers S, Cantrill JA, Armstrong S, Cresswell K, Eden M, Elliott RA, Howard R, Kendrick D, Morris CJ, Prescott RJ, Swanick G, Franklin M, Putman K, Boyd M, Sheikh, A. A pharmacist-led information technology intervention for medication errors (PINCER): a multicentre, cluster randomized, controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet. 2012; 379:1310-9.
NOTE: access to this article is free but you will need to create an account on The Lancet site.
After reading this article, the participant should be able to:
• Describe how pharmacists can utilize information technology to decrease medication-related errors.
• Identify the most common types of preventable adverse drug events in the primary care setting.
• Compare the impact of a multifaceted pharmacist-led information technology intervention (PINCER) with that of simple feedback on the incidence of clinically-important errors in the primary care setting.
• Explain the cost-effectiveness acceptability of PINCER in the primary care setting.
APhA has been granted permission by the respective publishers to post the articles used in this recertification offering. A reprint fee has been paid where requested.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Pharmacists Association are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as providers of continuing pharmacy education (CPE).
This knowledge-based activity is approved for 8 hours of CPE credits. The ACPE Universal Activity Number assigned by the accredited provider is 0204-9999-12-994-H04-P.
Target Audience: Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacists (BCACPs)
Development: This activity was developed by The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Pharmacists Association.
Advisory Board
Kelly Epplen, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Practice
The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH
Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM
Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical Services
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science
University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
Baltimore, MD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist – Primary care
West Palm Beach VA Medical Center
West Palm Beach, FL
Art Schuna, MS, BS Pharm
Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator and Residency Director
William S. Middleton VA Medical Center
Clinical Professor
University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Madison, MI
Disclosure Statement
In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medication Education’s Standards for Commercial Support and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education’s Standards for Commercial Support, APhA and ASHP require that all individuals involved in the development of activity content disclose their relevant financial relationships. A person has a relevant financial relationship if the individual of his or her spouse/partner has a financial relationship (e.g. employee, consultant, research grant recipient, speakers bureau, or stockholder) in any amount occurring the in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or series may be discussed in the educational activity content over which the individual has control. The existence of these relationships is provided for the information of participants and should not be assumed to have an adverse impact on the content.
In keeping with this requirement, APhA and ASHP ask that all faculty, advisory board members, planning committee members, content development consultants, and staff complete a disclosure form for each program in which they are involved. Anyone who refuses to disclose relevant financial relationships must be disqualified from any involvement with a continuing pharmacy education activity.
All of the above listed advisory board members and APhA and ASHP staff and consultants report no relationships pertinent to this recertification program.
APhA and ASHP identify and resolve conflicts of interest prior to an individual’s participation in development of content for an educational activity.
Kelly Epplen, PharmD, BCACP
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Practice
The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH
Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, BC-ADM
Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical Services
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science
University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
Baltimore, MD
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist – Primary care
West Palm Beach VA Medical Center
West Palm Beach, FL
Art Schuna, MS, BS Pharm
Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator and Residency Director
William S. Middleton VA Medical Center
Clinical Professor
University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Madison, MI
Disclosure Statement
In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medication Education’s Standards for Commercial Support and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education’s Standards for Commercial Support, APhA and ASHP require that all individuals involved in the development of activity content disclose their relevant financial relationships. A person has a relevant financial relationship if the individual of his or her spouse/partner has a financial relationship (e.g. employee, consultant, research grant recipient, speakers bureau, or stockholder) in any amount occurring the in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or series may be discussed in the educational activity content over which the individual has control. The existence of these relationships is provided for the information of participants and should not be assumed to have an adverse impact on the content.
In keeping with this requirement, APhA and ASHP ask that all faculty, advisory board members, planning committee members, content development consultants, and staff complete a disclosure form for each program in which they are involved. Anyone who refuses to disclose relevant financial relationships must be disqualified from any involvement with a continuing pharmacy education activity.
All of the above listed advisory board members and APhA and ASHP staff and consultants report no relationships pertinent to this recertification program.
APhA and ASHP identify and resolve conflicts of interest prior to an individual’s participation in development of content for an educational activity.
Credit Information
| Audience | Activity Number | Credit Amount | Accreditation Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHARMACIST | ACPE #0204-9999-12-994-H04-P | 8 Hours | October 31, 2012 - October 31, 2015 |